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1.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 36(1): 53-59, Jan-Mar. 2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702633

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess differences in executive functioning between children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbid or not with bipolar disorder (BD), and to study the neuropsychological profile of subjects with the comorbidity in a clinical sample from a developing country. Method: Case-control study comparing 23 participants with BD + ADHD and 85 ADHD-only subjects aged 6 to 17 years old. Both groups were drug-free. Executive function domains were assessed with the Stroop Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and the Continuous Performance Test II. Results: The group with juvenile BD + ADHD showed a significantly worse performance on the Stroop task, including time in color (p = 0.002), time in color-word (p < 0.001), interference, number or errors in color and color-word (p = 0.001), and number of errors in word cards (p = 0.028). No between-group differences were found in other tests. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ADHD-only and ADHD + BD do not show differences in inhibitory control and set-shifting domains. However, children and adolescents with BD and comorbid ADHD show greater impairment in processing speed and interference control. This suggests a potentially higher impairment in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and may be a potential neuropsychological signature of juvenile BD comorbid with ADHD. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Executive Function/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Comorbidity , Multivariate Analysis , Neuropsychological Tests , Reference Values , Time Factors
2.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 27(4): 718-729, 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-501963

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo é uma pesquisa descritiva de cunho qualitativo sobre os significados que adolescentes de classe popular atribuem ao tempo livre. Participaram da pesquisa 120 adolescentes escolarizados de ambos os sexos, entre 12 e 18 anos, de Porto Alegre (RS - Brasil). Os resultados colhidos através de 15 grupos focais identificaram a dissonância entre as crenças e os conhecimentos sobre o tempo livre e as práticas dos adolescentes assim como os diversos sentidos atribuídos às mesmas atividades em termos de liberdade e prazer. Os significados estão unidos às experiências dos participantes e sua complexidade depende das contingências contextuais, e estão permeados pelas interligações entre diferentes conceitos emergidos. Observamos diferenças entre os grupos etários em relação à percepção de liberdade de escolha no tempo livre. Às vezes, o ócio objetiva desenvolvimento, e é um período produtivo no qual há investimentos no âmbito social, cultural ou pessoal. Por vezes, há também uma percepção do ócio como descanso, na medida em que relacionam tempo livre com idéias de compensação do cansaço oriundo das tarefas cotidianas. Observamos diferenças entre os grupos etários em relação à percepção de liberdade de escolha no tempo livre.


This article is a descriptive research with qualitative character about the meanings that low-class teenagers give to leisure time. 120 teenager students (male and female), between 12 and 18 years old, who live in Porto Alegre (RS - Brazil), took part in the research. The final results of the 15 focal groups identified incongruences in the beliefs and knowledge about leisure time and about the teenager´s activities, as well as in the different senses attributed to the same activities in terms of freedom and pleasure. The meanings are related to the participant´s experiences and their complexity depends on contextual contingencies, being permeated by the concepts' interconexions brought up by the teenagers. We observed differences on the perception of leisure time freedom of choice among the age groups. Leisure time may be a means of development, a productive period in which there are investments in social, cultural and personal context. There´s also a perception of leisure time as a compensation for work. The usage of leisure time has a fundamental function in the healthy development and it can only be analized and understood based on the meaning that the teenager has given to it.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Disease Prevention , Leisure Activities , Risk-Taking , Teaching
3.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 20(3): 361-367, 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-472976

ABSTRACT

O artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo cujo objetivo foi analisar o uso do tempo livre por adolescentes de classe popular. A análise da forma como os adolescentes gerenciam seu tempo livre poderá fornecer dados para intervenção psicoeducativa e promoção do desenvolvimento e da saúde desta população. Foram 159 adolescentes que responderam ao instrumento, sendo 85 do sexo feminino e 75 do masculino. Com os dados coletados foi possível caracterizar o uso do tempo livre e traçar comparativos entre as diferentes faixas etárias e gênero. Evidenciou-se, através da pesquisa, a predominância de atividades não estruturadas, como assistir à televisão e ir para a rua, bem como a dificuldade de acesso ao lazer e a atividades culturais e esportivas por parte desses adolescentes, o que pode se configurar, pela literatura pesquisada, como um indicativo de vulnerabilidade com relação a situações de risco.


The article presents the results of a research that analyzes free time usage by lower class teenagers. The analysis on how teenagers manage their free time can supply data for the development of psychoeducative intervention and the promotion of this population's health. There were 159 teenagers who answered the instrument, in which 85 were females and 75 were males. The data collected made it possible to characterize free time usage and to trace comparisons between different age groups and genders. The results show that non-organized activities predominate, such as watching television and being on the streets, as well as the difficulty to access leisure and cultural and sport activities by these teenagers, what may become, according to the literature researched, an indicative of vulnerability with regard to risk situations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Leisure Activities/psychology , Social Class , Socioeconomic Factors
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